藤野先生 Mr. Fujino

Tokyo, too, was nothing more than this.When the cherry blossoms at Ueno were in full riotous bloom, they did indeed look, from a distance, like light crimson clouds; but beneath the blossoms there was never a lack of crowds of students from the 'crash courses' for Qing-dynasty students abroad, their queues coiled atop their heads, propping the crowns of their student caps up into a tall peak, forming a veritable Mount Fuji.There were also those who had let their queues down and coiled them flat, so that when they took off their caps, the hair was so glossy it could serve as a mirror, just like a young girl's hairbun—and they would twist their necks a few times besides.Truly, it was a magnificent sight indeed.

东京也无非是这样。上野的樱花烂熳的时节,望去确也像绯红的轻云,但花下也缺不了成群结队的“清国留学生”的速成班,头顶上盘著大辫子,顶得学生制帽的顶上高高耸起,形成一座富士山。也有解散辫子,盘得平的,除下帽来,油光可鉴,宛如小姑娘的发髻一般,还要将脖子扭几扭。实在标致极了。

At the gatehouse of the Chinese Students' Union there were a few books for sale, and sometimes it was worth a visit;if it was morning, the several Western-style rooms inside were also all right to sit in for a while.便滿But by evening, the floor of one room would often inevitably start thumping thump-thump-thump loud enough to shake the heavens, with the whole room besides thick with swirling dust;,“。”Asking someone well-versed in current affairs, the answer came, 'They're learning to dance.'

中国留学生会馆的门房里有几本书买,有时还值得去一转;倘在上午,里面的几间洋房里倒也还可以坐坐的。但到傍晚,有一间的地板便常不免要咚咚咚地响得震天,兼以满房烟尘斗乱;问问精通时事的人,答道,“那是在学跳舞。”

What if I went somewhere else to have a look?

到别的地方去看看,如何呢?

So I went to the Sendai Medical Specialist School.便Setting out from Tokyo, before long I came to a station, on which was written: Nippori.For some reason, I still remember that name to this day.Next, the only other one I remember is Mito, the place where Mr. Zhu Shunshui, a Ming-dynasty loyalist, died in exile.Sendai was a town, not very large;in winter it was bitterly cold;and there were as yet no Chinese students there.

我就往仙台的医学专门学校去。从东京出发,不久便到一处驿站,写道:日暮里。不知怎地,我到现在还记得这名目。其次却只记得水户了,这是明的遗民朱舜水先生客死的地方。仙台是一个市镇,并不大;冬天冷得利害;还没有中国的学生。

Perhaps it was a case of rarity being prized.便”;When Beijing cabbage is shipped to Zhejiang, its roots are tied with red string and it is hung upside down at the front of fruit shops, honored with the name 'Jiao cabbage';”。and the aloe that grows wild in Fujian, once it reaches Beijing, is ushered into a greenhouse and given the fine name 'agave.'宿When I arrived in Sendai I too received quite this kind of special treatment: not only did the school waive my tuition, but several staff members even troubled themselves over my board and lodging.At first I lodged at an inn beside the prison; though it was already quite cold in early winter, the mosquitoes were still plentiful, so afterward I would cover my whole body with the quilt and wrap my head and face in clothing, leaving only my two nostrils free to breathe.At this spot where my breath kept coming and going without cease, the mosquitoes had no way to get a bite in, and I actually managed to sleep soundly.The food wasn't bad either.But one gentleman thought that since this inn also supplied meals for prisoners, it was not fitting for me to lodge there, and he said so again and again, over and over.Although I felt that the inn's also catering to prisoners' meals had nothing to do with me, his good intentions were hard to refuse, so I had no choice but to look for a more suitable place to live.So I moved to another house, far from the prison too—only it was a pity that every day I had to drink taro-stem soup that was hard to swallow.

大概是物以稀为贵罢。北京的白菜运往浙江,便用红头绳系住菜根,倒挂在水果店头,尊为“胶菜”;福建野生著的芦荟,一到北京就请进温室,且美其名曰“龙舌兰”。我到仙台也颇受了这样的优待,不但学校不收学费,几个职员还为我的食宿操心。我先是住在监狱旁边一个客店里的,初冬已经颇冷,蚊子却还多,后来用被盖了全身,用衣服包了头脸,只留两个鼻孔出气。在这呼吸不息的地方,蚊子竟无从插嘴,居然睡安稳了。饭食也不坏。但一位先生却以为这客店也包办囚人的饭食,我住在那里不相宜,几次三番,几次三番地说。我虽然觉得客店兼办囚人的饭食和我不相干,然而好意难却,也只得别寻相宜的住处了。于是搬到别一家,离监狱也很远,可惜每天总要喝难以下咽的芋梗汤。

From then on I saw many unfamiliar teachers and listened to many novel lectures.Anatomy was taught jointly by two professors.The first subject was osteology.At that time in came a dark, thin gentleman, with a moustache shaped like the character 八, wearing glasses, carrying under his arm a stack of books of all sizes.便調As soon as he set the books on the lectern, he introduced himself to the students in a slow voice full of measured cadence, saying:

从此就看见许多陌生的先生,听到许多新鲜的讲义。解剖学是两个教授分任的。最初是骨学。其时进来的是一个黑瘦的先生,八字须,戴著眼镜,挟著一叠大大小小的书。一将书放在讲台上,便用了缓慢而很有顿挫的声调,向学生介绍自己道:

……。”'I am the one called Fujino Genkurō...'

“我就是叫作藤野严九郎的……。”

A few people at the back began to laugh.便便He then went on to recount the history of the development of anatomy in Japan; those books of every size were works on this branch of learning from its very beginnings down to the present.At the start, a few of them were thread-bound volumes;there were even reprints of Chinese translations—their translation and study of the new medicine had not, after all, begun any earlier than China's.

后面有几个人笑起来了。他接著便讲述解剖学在日本发达的历史,那些大大小小的书,便是从最初到现今关于这一门学问的著作。起初有几本是线装的;还有翻刻中国译本的,他们的翻译和研究新的医学,并不比中国早。

Those sitting at the back laughing were students who had failed the previous year and were repeating it; having already been at the school a year, they were quite familiar with its lore.便They would lecture the new students on the history of each professor.穿As for this Mr. Fujino, it was said that he was so careless about his dress that he would sometimes even forget to put on his necktie;使in winter he wore a shabby old overcoat, shivering with cold, and once, when he boarded a train, it led the conductor to suspect him of being a pickpocket and to warn the passengers in the car to be on their guard.

那坐在后面发笑的是上学年不及格的留级学生,在校已经一年,掌故颇为熟悉的了。他们便给新生讲演每个教授的历史。这藤野先生,据说是穿衣服太模糊了,有时竟会忘记带领结;冬天是一件旧外套,寒颤颤的,有一回上火车去,致使管车的疑心他是扒手,叫车里的客人大家小心些。

What they said was probably true, for I myself once saw him come to the lecture hall without a necktie.

他们的话大概是真的,我就亲见他有一次上讲堂没有带领结。

使A week later, on what was probably a Saturday, he sent his assistant to fetch me.,——When I reached his study, I found him sitting amid human bones and a great many separate skulls—he was at the time researching skulls, and later published a paper on the subject in the school's journal.

过了一星期,大约是星期六,他使助手来叫我了。到得研究室,见他坐在人骨和许多单独的头骨中间,——他其时正在研究著头骨,后来有一篇论文在本校的杂志上发表出来。

?”'Can you take notes on my lectures?' he asked.

“我的讲义,你能抄下来么?”他问。

。”'I can copy down a little.'

“可以抄一点。”

!”'Bring them for me to see!'

“拿来我看!”

便I handed over the notes I had copied; he took them, and two or three days later returned them to me, saying that from then on I should bring them for him to look over once a week.When I took them back and opened them to look, I was quite startled, and at the same time felt a kind of unease mixed with gratitude.It turned out that my notes, from beginning to end, had all been amended in red ink; not only had many omitted passages been filled in, but even my grammatical errors had been corrected one by one.This continued right up until he had finished teaching all the courses under his charge: osteology, angiology, and neurology.

我交出所抄的讲义去,他收下了,第二三天便还我,并且说,此后每一星期要送给他看一回。我拿下来打开看时,很吃了一惊,同时也感到一种不安和感激。原来我的讲义已经从头到末,都用红笔添改过了,不但增加了许多脱漏的地方,连文法的错误,也都一一订正。这样一直继续到教完了他所担任的功课:骨学、血管学、神经学。

It's a pity that I was far too lax in my studies at the time, and sometimes quite self-willed besides.I still remember once when Mr. Fujino called me into his study, turned to a diagram in my notes—it was of the blood vessels of the forearm—and pointing at it, said to me kindly:

可惜我那时太不用功,有时也很任性。还记得有一回藤野先生将我叫到他的研究室里去,翻出我那讲义上的一个图来,是下臂的血管,指著,向我和蔼的说道:

。——'Look, you've shifted this blood vessel a little out of place.—Of course, moved this way it does look somewhat better; but an anatomical diagram is not a work of art, the actual object is the way it is, and we have no way to alter it.。”Now I've corrected it for you; from now on you must draw it exactly as it is on the blackboard.'

“你看,你将这条血管移了一点位置了。——自然,这样一移,的确比较的好看些,然而解剖图不是美术,实物是那么样的,我们没法改换它。现在我给你改好了,以后你要全照著黑板上那样的画。”

But I still would not concede the point; on the surface I agreed, while in my heart I thought:

但是我还不服气,口头答应著,心里却想道:

'My drawing was actually not bad;。”as for how things actually are, of course I remember it in my mind.'

“图还是我画的不错;至于实在的情形,我心里自然记得的。”

便After the year-end examinations were over, I went to Tokyo and spent the whole summer there enjoying myself; when I returned to the school in early autumn, the results had long since been posted—among the more than a hundred classmates, I ranked somewhere in the middle, having merely managed not to fail.This time the courses Mr. Fujino was in charge of were practical anatomy and topographical anatomy.

学年试验完毕之后,我便到东京玩了一夏天,秋初再回学校,成绩早已发表了,同学一百余人之中,我在中间,不过是没有落第。这回藤野先生所担任的功课,是解剖实习和局部解剖学。

調After about a week of practical anatomy, he sent for me again, and quite happily, still in that highly cadenced voice of his, said to me:

解剖实习了大概一星期,他又叫我去了,很高兴地,仍用了极有抑扬的声调对我说道:

'Having heard that the Chinese hold spirits in great reverence, I was quite worried, afraid you would be unwilling to dissect a corpse.。”Now I can finally set my mind at ease—there's no such thing after all.'

“我因为听说中国人是很敬重鬼的,所以很担心,怕你不肯解剖尸体。现在总算放心了,没有这回事。”

使But there were also occasions when he put me in a rather awkward position.,“He had heard that Chinese women bound their feet, but did not know the details, so he wanted to ask me how the binding was done and what deformities it produced in the foot bones, and he even sighed, saying, 'One would really have to see it for oneself to know.?”Just what sort of thing is it, after all?'

但他也偶有使我很为难的时候。他听说中国的女人是裹脚的,但不知道详细,所以要问我怎么裹法,足骨变成怎样的畸形,还叹息道,“总要看一看才知道。究竟是怎么一回事呢?”

One day, the class representative of the student association came to my lodgings, wanting to borrow my lecture notes to look at.I took them out and handed them over, but he only flipped through them once and did not take them away.But no sooner had he left than the postman delivered a very thick letter; when I opened it, the first line read:

有一天,本级的学生会干事到我寓里来了,要借我的讲义看。我检出来交给他们,却只翻检了一通,并没有带走。但他们一走,邮差就送到一封很厚的信,拆开看时,第一句是:

!”'Repent and mend your ways!'

“你改悔罢!”

This was, I believe, a line from the New Testament, but one recently quoted by Tolstoy.便便It was then the time of the Russo-Japanese War, and old Tolstoy had written a letter to the emperors of Russia and Japan, which opened with exactly this line.The Japanese newspapers had roundly condemned him for his insolence, and patriotic youths too were indignant—yet secretly they had already come under his influence.What followed said, in essence, that the questions for last year's anatomy examination had been marked out beforehand by Mr. Fujino in the lecture notes, which I had known in advance, and that was how I had managed to get such a score.It was signed anonymously at the end.

这是《新约》上的句子罢,但经托尔斯泰新近引用过的。其时正值日俄战争,托老先生便写了一封给俄国和日本的皇帝的信,开首便是这一句。日本报纸上很斥责他的不逊,爱国青年也愤然,然而暗地里却早受了他的影响了。其次的话,大略是说上年解剖学试验的题目,是藤野先生在讲义上做了记号,我预先知道的,所以能有这样的成绩。末尾是匿名。

Only then did I recall something that had happened a few days before.便”,Because a class meeting was to be held, the representative had written a notice on the blackboard, the last line of which read, 'All are requested to attend without fail'—and beside the character 漏 (fail/omit) he had added a circle.At the time, though I found the circling of it rather amusing, I paid it no mind; only now did I realize that the character had been aimed as a jibe at me too, as if to say I had obtained questions leaked out by the teacher.

我这才回忆到前几天的一件事。因为要开同级会,干事便在黑板上写广告,末一句是“请全数到会勿漏为要”,而且在“漏”字旁边加了一个圈。我当时虽然觉到圈得可笑,但是毫不介意,这回才悟出那字也在讥刺我了,犹言我得了教员漏泄出来的题目。

便So I told Mr. Fujino about the matter;and several classmates who knew me well were also quite indignant, and together went to reproach the representative for the rudeness of using the excuse of an 'inspection,' and demanded that they make public the results of that inspection.In the end this rumor died away, but the representative then exerted every effort to try to get that anonymous letter back.便退In the end I returned that Tolstoy-style letter to them.

我便将这事告知了藤野先生;有几个和我熟识的同学也很不平,一同去诘责干事托辞检查的无礼,并且要求他们将检查的结果,发表出来。终于这流言消灭了,干事却又竭力运动,要收回那一封匿名信去。结末是我便将这托尔斯泰式的信退还了他们。

便China was a weak nation, and so, of course, the Chinese were feeble-minded people; a score above sixty could not possibly be due to one's own ability—small wonder they harbored such suspicions.便But I was soon after fated to witness the shooting of a Chinese man.便In the second year, bacteriology was added to the curriculum, and the shapes of bacteria were shown entirely by means of moving pictures; when a section was finished but class had not yet ended, a few current-events slides would be shown, naturally all depicting Japan's victories over Russia.But it happened that Chinese people were mixed in among them: one who had served as a spy for the Russians, captured by the Japanese army, about to be shot—and the crowd standing around watching was likewise a group of Chinese;and in the lecture hall there was, besides, myself.

中国是弱国,所以中国人当然是低能儿,分数在六十分以上,便不是自己的能力了:也无怪他们疑惑。但我接著便有参观枪毙中国人的命运了。第二年添教霉菌学,细菌的形状是全用电影来显示的,一段落已完而还没有到下课的时候,便影几片时事的片子,自然都是日本战胜俄国的情形。但偏有中国人夹在里边:给俄国人做侦探,被日本军捕获,要枪毙了,围著看的也是一群中国人;在讲堂里的还有一个我。

!”'Banzai!' they all clapped their hands and cheered.

“万岁!”他们都拍掌欢呼起来。

Such cheering occurred every time a slide was shown, but to me, this particular shout sounded especially jarring.,——Afterward, when I returned to China, I saw those idle onlookers watching a criminal being shot, and they too cheered just as if drunk—alas, there was nothing to be done about it!But at that time, in that place, my thinking underwent a change.

这种欢呼,是每看一片都有的,但在我,这一声却特别听得刺耳。此后回到中国来,我看见那些闲看枪毙犯人的人们,他们也何尝不酒醉似的喝彩,——呜呼,无法可想!但在那时那地,我的意见却变化了。

便At the end of the second year, I went to see Mr. Fujino and told him that I would no longer study medicine, and that I was leaving Sendai.仿彿His expression seemed to hold a touch of sorrow; he looked as though he wanted to say something, but in the end said nothing.

到第二学年的终结,我便去寻藤野先生,告诉他我将不学医学,并且离开这仙台。他的脸色仿佛有些悲哀,似乎想说话,但竟没有说。

。”便'I intend to go and study biology; the knowledge you have taught me, sir, will still be of use.' In fact, I had not at all made up my mind to study biology—it was only that, seeing him looking somewhat forlorn, I told a comforting lie to console him.

“我想去学生物学,先生教给我的学问,也还有用的。”其实我并没有决意要学生物学,因为看得他有些凄然,便说了一个安慰他的谎话。

。”'Subjects like anatomy, taught for the sake of medicine, probably won't be of much help for biology,' he said with a sigh.

“为医学而教的解剖学之类,怕于生物学也没有什么大帮助。”他叹息说。

:“”,A few days before I was to leave, he called me to his home and gave me a photograph, on the back of which were written two words: 'In parting.' He also said he hoped I would give him one of myself in return.But at that time it so happened that I had no photograph of myself;便so he urged me to have one taken in the future and send it to him, and to write often to let him know how things were going with me afterward.

将走的前几天,他叫我到他家里去,交给我一张照相,后面写著两个字道:“惜别”,还说希望将我的也送他。但我这时适值没有照相了;他便叮嘱我将来照了寄给他,并且时时通信告诉他此后的状况。

使便After I left Sendai, I went for many years without having a photograph taken, and besides, since my circumstances were so unremarkable that speaking of them would only disappoint him, I did not even dare write letters.As the years passed, there was even less to say, so that although at times I wanted to write, I found it hard to put pen to paper—and so it has gone on until now, and I have never once sent him a letter or a photograph.From his side of things, it must seem that once I left, I vanished without a trace.

我离开仙台之后,就多年没有照过相,又因为状况也无聊,说起来无非使他失望,便连信也怕敢写了。经过的年月一多,话更无从说起,所以虽然有时想写信,却又难以下笔,这样的一直到现在,竟没有寄过一封信和一张照片。从他那一面看起来,是一去之后,杳无消息了。

使But somehow, I still think of him often; among those I consider my teachers, he is the one who moves me to the deepest gratitude, and who gave me the greatest encouragement.At times I often think: his ardent hopes for me, his tireless instruction—in the smaller view, were for China's sake, that is, in the hope that China would have a new medicine;in the larger view, they were for the sake of scholarship itself, that is, in the hope that the new medicine would spread to China.In my eyes and in my heart, his character was a great one, even though his name is not known to many people.

但不知怎地,我总还时时记起他,在我所认为我师的之中,他是最使我感激,给我鼓励的一个。有时我常常想:他的对于我的热心的希望,不倦的教诲,小而言之,是为中国,就是希望中国有新的医学;大而言之,是为学术,就是希望新的医学传到中国去。他的性格,在我的眼里和心里是伟大的,虽然他的姓名并不为许多人所知道。

The lecture notes he had corrected I once had bound into three thick volumes and kept, intending them as a permanent memento.Unfortunately, seven years ago when I was moving house, a book chest was damaged along the way and half a chest of books was lost, and as ill luck would have it, these notes were lost among them.I demanded that the shipping office search for them, but there was only silence, no reply at all.Only his photograph still hangs, to this day, on the east wall of my lodgings in Beijing, facing my desk.便使Whenever, tired at night, I am on the verge of indulging in laziness, I look up and catch sight, in the lamplight, of his dark, thin face, as if he were just about to speak in that cadenced voice of his, and this suddenly awakens my conscience once more and adds to my courage; so I light a cigarette and go on writing more of the kind of words that the so-called 'men of decency and virtue' so deeply loathe and detest.

他所改正的讲义,我曾经订成三厚本,收藏著的,将作为永久的纪念。不幸七年前迁居的时候,中途毁坏了一口书箱,失去半箱书,恰巧这讲义也遗失在内了。责成运送局去找寻,寂无回信。只有他的照相至今还挂在我北京寓居的东墙上,书桌对面。每当夜间疲倦,正想偷懒时,仰面在灯光中瞥见他黑瘦的面貌,似乎正要说出抑扬顿挫的话来,便使我忽又良心发现,而且增加勇气了,于是点上一枝烟,再继续写些为“正人君子”之流所深恶痛疾的文字。

October 12th.

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What it’s about

Tokyo first, and Lu Xun is merciless about it: the Chinese students in their crash courses with their queues coiled up under their caps so the crown stood out like Mount Fuji, or unwound and pinned flat and oiled to a shine like a girl's, and the floor of the students' hostel shaking every evening to dancing lessons. He went to Sendai to get away from them, and was the only Chinese in the medical school. There 藤野嚴九郎 taught anatomy: dark, thin, moustached, slow and deliberate in speech, so careless of his dress that he once travelled without a necktie and was taken for a pickpocket. He asked to see the new student's lecture notes, and gave them back with everything from beginning to end corrected in red — omissions filled in, grammar put right — week after week, through osteology, angiology and neurology.

The two things that end the arrangement come in the second half. A letter arrives beginning 你改悔罷, repent, accusing him of having been fed the examination questions by Fujino, since a Chinese, coming from a weak and therefore stupid country, could not have scored above sixty on his own. Then, in the bacteriology class, newsreels are shown to fill out the hour: Japanese victories over Russia, and in one of them a Chinese man about to be shot as a Russian spy, watched by a crowd of Chinese, while the lecture room cheered 萬歲. He tells Fujino he is giving up medicine to study biology, which is not true, and takes away a photograph inscribed 惜別. It still hangs on the east wall of his Beijing lodging, facing the desk; when he is tired and about to shirk, he looks up at it and writes another few pages of the sort of thing respectable gentlemen detest.

When it was written 背景

Written 12 October 1926 in Xiamen and serialised in 莽原 that December, twenty years after Sendai and at a point when Lu Xun was being moved from one city to the next by exactly the respectable gentlemen the last line is aimed at. It is a standard school text in China, and it is the memoir version of the lantern-slide story that 吶喊's preface gets through in three sentences — the obvious pairing for a learner who has read that preface. The prose is plain and the anecdotes are short; the Japanese place and personal names are the main friction, and the tone of the opening pages is easy to miss on a first reading, since the mockery of the Tokyo students is delivered as praise.

Words in this chapter 生词