父亲的病 Father's Illness

Father's Illness

,S[1],「」[2]It was probably a bit more than ten years ago that a story about a famous doctor was widely told in S City: his house-call fee was originally one yuan four jiao, but for a "special summons" it was ten yuan, doubled for a late-night call, and doubled again for calls outside the city.便One night, a girl from a family outside the city fell suddenly ill, and they came to fetch him; but since by that time he had become so grand as to be insufferable, he would not go unless paid a hundred yuan.They had no choice but to agree to all his terms.:「。」When he finally went, he merely gave the patient a cursory glance and said, "It's nothing serious." He wrote out a prescription, took his hundred yuan, and left.That family seemed to be quite wealthy, for the next day they came to fetch him again.:「。」便The moment he arrived at the door, the master of the house greeted him with a smiling face, saying, "After taking your medicine last night, she's much better, so we've asked you to come again for a follow-up examination." He was led into the room as before, and the old maidservant drew the patient's hand out from behind the bed-curtain.,「。」:「[3]。」He pressed it once—it was ice-cold, and there was no pulse at all—whereupon he nodded and said, "Hm, I understand this illness now." Unhurriedly he walked to the table, took a prescription sheet, and wrote with his brush: "Pay to bearer, one hundred silver dollars exactly." Below it he signed his name and affixed his mark.

大约十多年前罢,S城[1]中曾经盛传过一个名医的故事:他出诊原来是一元四角,「特拔」[2]十元,深夜加倍,出城又加倍。有一夜,一家城外人家的闺女生急病,来请他了,因为他,其时,已经阔得不耐烦,便非一百元不去。他们只得都依他。待去时,却只是草草地一看,说道:「不要紧的。」开一张方,拿了一百元就走。那病家似乎很有钱,第二天又来请了。他一到门,只见主人笑面承迎道:「昨晚服了先生的药,好得多了,所以再请你来复诊一回。」仍旧引到房里,老妈子便将病人的手拉出帐外来。他一按,冷冰冰的,也没有脉,于是点点头道,「唔,这病我明白了。」从从容容走到桌前,取了药方纸,提笔写道:「凭票付英洋[3]壹百元正。」下面是署名,画押。

。」"Sir, the illness looks quite serious—perhaps the medicine ought to be stronger," the master of the house said from behind him.

「先生,这病看来很不轻了,用药怕还得重一点罢。」主人在背后说。

。」:「。」"Very well," he said, and thereupon wrote out another sheet: "Pay to bearer, two hundred silver dollars exactly." Below it, again, his signature and mark.

「可以。」他说,于是另开了一张方:「凭票付英洋贰百元正。」下面仍是署名,画押。

With that, the master took the prescription and, most politely, saw him out.

这样,主人就收了药方,很客气地送他出来了。

I myself once had dealings with this famous doctor for two full years, for he came every other day to treat my father's illness.At that time he was already quite famous, but not yet so grand as to be that insufferable;even so, his consultation fee was already one yuan four jiao.In the cities nowadays, a consultation fee of ten yuan a visit is nothing remarkable, but in those days one yuan four jiao was already a huge sum, not at all easy to scrape together;and how much more so when it was needed every other day.輿He must indeed have had something special about him, for according to popular opinion, the medicines he prescribed were quite unlike anyone else's.I knew nothing of medicines; what struck me was simply how hard the "medicinal guide" was to obtain—every time the prescription changed, it meant a great flurry of activity.。「First one bought the medicine, then went to seek out the guide-ingredient. Things like two slices of fresh ginger, or ten bamboo leaves with the tips removed—those he never used.At the very least it would be reed roots, which had to be dug up by the riverside;便and when it came to sugarcane that had weathered three years of frost, it would take at least two or three days of searching.Yet, strange to say, in the end there was apparently never anything that could not be procured.輿According to popular opinion, the marvel of it lay precisely in this.Once, there was a patient for whom a hundred medicines had proved useless;but when he happened to meet a certain Mr. Ye Tianshi, all that was done was to add one guide-ingredient to the old prescription: a phoenix-tree leaf.便。「。」With just one dose, he recovered completely. "Medicine is a matter of intent." It was autumn at the time, and the phoenix tree is the first to sense the autumn air.……。Previously the hundred medicines had not taken effect; now, stirred by the autumn air, ether was moved by ether, and so...Although I did not really understand it, I was greatly impressed all the same, knowing that any efficacious medicine must surely be very hard to obtain—those who seek immortality, after all, will even risk their lives, rushing deep into the mountains to gather herbs.

我曾经和这名医周旋过两整年,因为他隔日一回,来诊我的父亲的病。那时虽然已经很有名,但还不至于阔得这样不耐烦;可是诊金却已经是一元四角。现在的都市上,诊金一次十元并不算奇,可是那时是一元四角已是巨款,很不容易张罗的了;又何况是隔日一次。他大概的确有些特别,据舆论说,用药就与众不同。我不知道药品,所觉得的,就是「药引」的难得,新方一换,就得忙一大场。先买药,再寻药引。「生姜」两片,竹叶十片去尖,他是不用的了。起码是芦根,须到河边去掘;一到经霜三年的甘蔗,便至少也得搜寻两三天。可是说也奇怪,大约后来总没有购求不到的。据舆论说,神妙就在这地方。先前有一个病人,百药无效;待到遇见了甚么叶天士先生,只在旧方上加了一味药引:梧桐叶。只一服,便霍然而愈了。「医者,意也。」其时是秋天,而梧桐先知秋气。其先百药不投,今以秋气动之,以气感气,所以……。我虽然并不瞭然,但也十分佩服,知道凡有灵药,一定是很不容易得到的,求仙的人,甚至于还要拼了性命,跑进深山里去采呢。

This went on for two years, during which we gradually became well acquainted, almost friends.Father's dropsy grew worse day by day, until he was nearly unable to rise from bed;and I too gradually lost my faith in things like sugarcane weathered by three years of frost—procuring the guide-ingredients no longer seemed to be done with the same eagerness as before.便:「It was just at this time that one day, after coming to examine my father and asking about his symptoms, he said with the utmost sincerity: "All the learning I possess has been exhausted."[4]"There is here a certain Mr. Chen Lianhe, whose skill surpasses mine.""I will recommend him to come and take a look; I can write him a letter."……。」"But the illness is nothing serious—it's just that under his hand it may get better all the faster..." That day everyone seemed somewhat downcast, but I still respectfully saw him to his sedan chair as usual.When I came back in, I saw that Father's face looked very strange; he was talking with everyone, the gist of it being that his illness probably held out no hope;便the doctor, having treated him for two years without the slightest effect, and being on such familiar terms besides, could not help feeling somewhat awkward, and so, once the crisis came, he recommended a newcomer to take his place, thereby washing his hands of the matter entirely.But what else could be done?Among the famous doctors of this city, besides him, there really was only this one Chen Lianhe.So the next day we sent for Chen Lianhe.

这样有两年,渐渐地熟识,几乎是朋友了。父亲的水肿是逐日厉害,将要不能起床;我对于经霜三年的甘蔗之流也逐渐失了信仰,采办药引似乎再没有先前一般踊跃了。正在这时候,他有一天来诊,问过病状,便极其诚恳地说:「我所有的学问,都用尽了。这里还有一位陈莲河[4]先生,本领比我高。我荐他来看一看,我可以写一封信。可是,病是不要紧的,不过经他的手,可以格外好得快……。」这一天似乎大家都有些不欢,仍然由我恭敬地送他上轿。进来时,看见父亲的脸色很异样,和大家谈论,大意是说自己的病大概没有希望的了;他因为看了两年,毫无效验,脸又太熟了,未免有些难以为情,所以等到危急时候,便荐一个生手自代,和自己完全脱了干系。但另外有甚么法子呢?本城的名医,除他之外,实在也只有一个陈莲河了。明天就请陈莲河。

Chen Lianhe's consultation fee was likewise one yuan four jiao.But whereas the former famous doctor's face had been round and fat, his was long and fat: in this one respect they were quite different.Their use of medicine also differed.The former famous doctor's prescriptions a single person could manage well enough, but this time one person alone could hardly see to everything properly, because every one of his prescriptions invariably included some special pill or powder together with some peculiar guide-ingredient.Reed roots and sugarcane weathered by three years of frost he never once used.」,:「。」The most ordinary was "a pair of crickets," with a small note at the side reading: "Must be original mates, that is, ones originally from the same nest." It seemed that even insects were required to be chaste—should they remarry or take a second spouse, they would lose even their qualification to serve as medicine.使But this errand gave me no trouble at all; I had only to walk into the Hundred-Plant Garden, and even ten pairs were easy to catch—tie them up with thread and toss them alive into boiling water, and the matter was done.西」。「。」But then there was also "ten stalks of pingdimu," and this, it turned out, no one knew what it was at all—I asked the pharmacy, asked the country folk, asked the herb-sellers, asked old people, asked scholars, asked carpenters, and they all merely shook their heads; at last I remembered that distant great-uncle of mine, the old man fond of growing flowers and trees, and went to ask him, and sure enough he knew: it was a small tree growing under trees in the mountains, bearing red berries like tiny coral beads, commonly called "Laofuda." "I wore through iron shoes searching and found it nowhere, yet got it without the least effort." The guide-ingredient had been found; but there was still one special kind of pill: the Broken-Drumskin Pill.This "Broken-Drumskin Pill" was made precisely from the skin of an old broken drum;dropsy is also called "drum-swelling," so naturally, using the skin of a broken drum could subdue it.」,」[5],During the Qing dynasty, Gangyi, out of hatred for the "foreign devils," prepared to fight them and trained some troops called the "Tiger-Spirit Battalion," taking the meaning that tigers can devour sheep (yang, a homophone for "foreign") and spirits can subdue devils—it is the very same principle.Unfortunately, this miraculous medicine was sold at only one shop in the whole city, a good five li from my home; but unlike the pingdimu, this did not have to be groped for in the dark, for after writing the prescription, Mr. Chen Lianhe explained it to us earnestly and in detail.

陈莲河的诊金也是一元四角。但前回的名医的脸是圆而胖的,他却长而胖了:这一点颇不同。还有用药也不同。前回的名医是一个人还可以办的,这一回却是一个人有些办不妥帖了,因为他一张药方上,总兼有一种特别的丸散和一种奇特的药引。芦根和经霜三年的甘蔗,他就从来没有用过。最平常的是「蟋蟀一对」,旁注小字道:「要原配,即本在一窠中者。」似乎昆虫也要贞节,续弦或再醮,连做药资格也丧失了。但这差使在我并不为难,走进百草园,十对也容易得,将它们用线一缚,活活地掷入沸汤中完事。然而还有「平地木十株」呢,这可谁也不知道是甚么东西了,问药店,问乡下人,问卖草药的,问老年人,问读书人,问木匠,都只是摇摇头,临末才记起了那远房的叔祖,爱种一点花木的老人,跑去一问,他果然知道,是生在山中树下的一种小树,能结红子如小珊瑚珠的,普通都称为「老弗大」。「踏破铁鞋无觅处,得来全不费功夫。」药引寻到了,然而还有一种特别的丸药:败鼓皮丸。这「败鼓皮丸」就是用打破的旧鼓皮做成;水肿一名鼓胀,一用打破的鼓皮自然就可以克伏他。清朝的刚毅因为憎恨「洋鬼子」,预备打他们,练了些兵称作「虎神营」[5],取虎能食羊,神能伏鬼的意思,也就是这道理。可惜这一种神药,全城中只有一家出售的,离我家就有五里,但这却不像平地木那样,必须暗中摸索了,陈莲河先生开方之后,就恳切详细地给我们说明。

,」,「"I have a certain elixir," Mr. Chen Lianhe said on one occasion, "which, dabbed upon the tongue, I believe will certainly prove effective."……。"For the tongue is the sprouting bud of the heart's spirit..."……。」"And the price is not at all dear—only two dollars a box..." My father pondered for a while, then shook his head.

「我有一种丹,」有一回陈莲河先生说,「点在舌上,我想一定可以见效。因为舌乃心之灵苗……。价钱也并不贵,只要两块钱一盒……。」我父亲沉思了一会,摇摇头。

,」,「[6]……。"That my medicines should still prove not very effective," Mr. Chen Lianhe said again on another occasion, "makes me think one might ask someone to look into whether there is some wrong committed in a past life...""A doctor can cure illness, but cannot cure fate—isn't that so?"……。」"Of course, this may well be a matter from a former life..." My father pondered for a while, then shook his head.

「我这样用药还会不大见效,」有一回陈莲河先生又说,「我想,可以请人看一看,可有甚么冤愆[6]……。医能医病,不能医命,对不对?自然这也许是前世的事……。」我的父亲沉思了一会,摇摇头。

Any master physician, it is said, can bring the dead back to life; as we passed by doctors' doorways we often saw plaques inscribed with just such words.:「西。」西西[7]Nowadays there has been some concession on this point, and even doctors themselves say: "Western medicine excels in surgery, Chinese medicine excels in internal medicine." But in S City at that time there was not only no Western medicine, nobody had even thought that such a thing as Western medicine existed in the world; hence, no matter what the ailment, everything had to be handled entirely by the direct disciples of Xuanyuan and Qibo.」。In Xuanyuan's time, shaman and physician were not distinguished, and so even now his disciples still see ghosts, and still believe that "the tongue is the sprouting bud of the heart's spirit."」,This is precisely the Chinese notion of "fate," which even a famous doctor has no way of curing.He would not consent to have the miraculous elixir dabbed on his tongue, nor could he think of any "wrong from a past life"; naturally, then, what good could merely taking the "Broken-Drumskin Pill" for over a hundred days possibly do?It still failed to break through the dropsy, and Father at last lay in bed, gasping for breath.We sent for Mr. Chen Lianhe once more; this time it was a "special summons," at ten silver dollars.He calmly wrote out a prescription as before, but he had stopped using the Broken-Drumskin Pill, and the guide-ingredient was no longer so marvelous either; so within half a day the medicine was brewed, and when it was poured in, it merely trickled back out from the corner of his mouth.便From then on I had no more dealings with Mr. Chen Lianhe; I only sometimes saw him in the street, being carried past as if flying in a fast sedan chair borne by three chair-bearers;西I hear he is still hale and hearty even now, practicing medicine on the one hand and putting out some journal of Chinese medicine on the other, presently doing battle with "Western medicine, which excels only in surgery."

凡国手,都能够起死回生的,我们走过医生的门前,常可以看见这样的匾额。现在是让步一点了,连医生自己也说道:「西医长于外科,中医长于内科。」但是S城那时不但没有西医,并且谁也还没有想到天下有所谓西医,因此无论甚么,都只能由轩辕、岐伯[7]的嫡派门徒包办。轩辕时候是巫医不分的,所以直到现在,他的门徒就还见鬼,而且觉得「舌乃心之灵苗」。这就是中国人的「命」,连名医也无从医治的。不肯用灵丹点在舌头上,又想不出「冤愆」来,自然,单吃了一百多天的「败鼓皮丸」有甚么用呢?依然打不破水肿,父亲终于躺在床上喘气了。还请一回陈莲河先生,这回是特拔,大洋十元。他仍旧泰然的开了一张方,但已停止败鼓皮丸不用,药引也不很神妙了,所以只消半天,药就煎好,灌下去,却从口角上回了出来。从此我便不再和陈莲河先生周旋,只在街上有时看见他坐在三名轿夫的快轿里飞一般抬过;听说他现在还康健,一面行医,一面还做了中医甚么学报,正在和「只长于外科的西医」奋斗哩。

西Chinese and Western ways of thinking are indeed somewhat different in this respect.」[8]使I have heard that when Chinese filial sons reach the point where "their sins run so deep as to bring disaster upon their parents," they buy several catties of ginseng, brew it into a broth, and pour it down, hoping their parents might draw breath a few days longer—even half a day would do.:「But one of my teachers of medicine taught me the duty of a physician thus: "Those who can be cured should be treated;"。」——西"those who cannot be cured should be allowed to die without suffering." —But this teacher, of course, was a Western-trained doctor.Father's gasping went on for a long time, so long that even I found it hard to bear listening to, yet no one could help him.:「……。」At times a thought would flash through my mind like a bolt of lightning: "Better that it were over quickly..." and at once I felt this thought was wrong, that it was in fact a sin;but at the same time I also felt that this thought was in truth quite justified—I loved my father dearly.便Even now, I still think the same.

中西的思想确乎有一点不同。听说中国的孝子们,一到将要「罪孽深重,祸延父母」[8]的时候,就买几斤人参,煎汤灌下去,希望父母多喘几天气,即使半天也好。我的一位教医学的先生,却教给我医生的职务,道:「可医的,应该给他医治;不可医的,应该给他死得没有痛苦。」——但这先生自然是西医。父亲的喘气颇长久,连我也听得很吃力,然而谁也不能帮助他。我有时竟至于电光一闪似的想道:「还是快一点喘完了罢……。」立刻觉得这思想就不该,就是犯了罪;但同时又觉得这思想实在是正当的,我很爱我的父亲。便是现在,也还是这样想。

[9]In the morning, Mrs. Yan, who lived within the same gate, came in.She was a woman thoroughly versed in the proper forms, and said we ought not simply wait idly.So she had him changed into fresh clothes;》[10]……。and then burned some paper ingots and a certain Gaowang Sutra to ashes, wrapped them in paper, and placed them in his clenched fist...

早晨,住在一门里的衍太太[9]进来了。她是一个精通礼节的妇人,说我们不应该空等著。于是给他换衣服;又将纸锭和一种甚么《高王经》[10]烧成灰,用纸包了给他捏在拳头里……。

"Call to him! Your father is about to breathe his last."!」"Quick, call to him!" said Mrs. Yan.

「叫呀,你父亲要断气了。快叫呀!」衍太太说。

"Father!"!」"Father!" I began to call.

「父亲!父亲!」我就叫起来。

"Louder!""He can't hear you."?!」"Why don't you hurry up and call?!"

「大声!他听不见。还不快叫?!」

!!!"Father!!!"!!!」"Father!!!"

「父亲!!!父亲!!!」

彿His face, which had already grown calm, suddenly tensed, and his eyes opened slightly, as though in some pain.

他已经平静下去的脸,忽然紧张了,将眼微微一睁,彷佛有一些苦痛。

"Call to him!"!」"Quick, call to him!" she urged.

「叫呀!快叫呀!」她催促说。

!!!」"Father!!!"

「父亲!!!」

?……"What is it?..."。……"Don't shout so..."……。」"No..." he said in a low voice, and then breathed more hurriedly for quite a while, before at last returning to his former state and growing calm again.

「甚么呢?……不要嚷。……不……。」他低低地说,又较急地喘著气,好一会,这才复了原状,平静下去了。

!!!」"Father!!!" I went on calling him, all the way until he breathed his last.

「父亲!!!」我还叫他,一直到他咽了气。

Even now I can still hear my own voice from that time, and whenever I hear it, I feel that this was in fact the greatest wrong I ever did my father.

我现在还听到那时的自己的这声音,每听到时,就觉得这却是我对于父亲的最大的错处。

October 7th.

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What it’s about

The essay that explains why Lu Xun went to medical school, and it is mostly a portrait of two doctors. The first, a celebrated physician whose call-out fee was one dollar forty and who would not leave the city at night for less than a hundred, attended his father for two years and then handed the case on to a colleague. The second, 陳蓮河, prescribed by way of his own peculiar drug vehicles: a pair of crickets, with a note beside them specifying the original pair from one burrow, since apparently insects must be chaste too; ten stalks of a shrub nobody could identify; and pills made from the skin of a burst drum, on the reasoning that dropsy is also called drum-swelling and a broken drum will therefore beat it.

The boy fetches all of it, between the pawnshop counter and the herbalist, and his father goes on swelling and dies anyway. What the essay is building towards is its last page. 衍太太, a neighbour who knew what was proper, tells him he must not simply stand there — call him, call him quickly, your father is going. So he calls, and calls again, and the dying man, who had gone quiet, opens his eyes with something like pain in them and says low, do not shout. He goes on calling until his father stops breathing. Lu Xun writes that he can still hear his own voice doing it, and that every time he hears it he thinks it the greatest wrong he ever did his father.

When it was written 背景

Written 7 October 1926 in Xiamen and serialised in 莽原 in November. It is the pawnshop-and-herbalist passage of 吶喊's preface told at length and with names, and the essay that connects the memoir most directly to the fiction: the quack with his impossible prescriptions is one of Lu Xun's permanent subjects, and 明天 in 吶喊 is the same complaint written as a story. For a learner the prescriptions bring a hard clutch of medical and herbal vocabulary, but the closing scene is dialogue and short sentences, and it is worth pushing through the drug names to reach it.

Words in this chapter 生词